Wind pressure for various elevations will be used to calculate wind force using the following formula. Wind force is modeled as a uniform load acting upon the projected length of the pipe perpendicular to the direction of the wind.
The internal pressure exerts an axial force equal to pressure times the internal cross section of the pipe. The pressure also induces stresses in the radial direction, but these are often neglected. Internal or external pressure induces stresses in the axial as well as circumferential ( Hoop Stress) directions. A pipe such as a jacketed pipe core or tubes in a Shell & Tube ex-changer etc.